Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-4(April), Volume-3 2026

1. Empowering Rural Learners through the Bilingual Method in College Engl...
5

Mr Nalluri Babu Rao*
Asst Professor Department of English Anurag University Hyderabad
1-3
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19420662

The dominance of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in global higher education poses substantial challenges to college students in India, especially those from rural and semi-urban areas who typically transition from vernacular-medium secondary education. These learners frequently suffer from English language deficiency, which leads to reduced comprehension of academic subjects, anxiety regarding communication, and a lack of confidence. The Bilingual Method (BM), first developed by C.J. Dodson in 1967, addresses these issues by utilizing the learner's mother tongue (L1) as a systemic aid in acquiring the target language (L2). The judicious and moderate use of L1 facilitates understanding of complex concepts, significantly reduces cognitive load on working memory, and fosters affective growth such as confidence and self-reliance. Drawing upon research evidence, particularly from contexts involving native speakers with L2 deficiency in science and higher education, this research essay investigates how the strategic application of the Bilingual Method in college English classrooms serves as a critical pedagogical tool to empower rural Indian learners by promoting accuracy, fluency, and clarity in communication, thereby mitigating the barriers imposed by strict English-only instruction.

2. WHEN THE BEST WALK AWAY: THE SILENT CRISIS IN SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SER...
4

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
4-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19638591

This article examines the silent attrition of specialised personnel in the South African Police Service (SAPS), focusing on elite units such as the Tactical Response Team (TRT), National Intervention Unit (NIU), and Task Force. It aims to analyse the causes of departures, assess the impact on policing effectiveness, and propose evidence-based strategies for retention and operational sustainability. South African evidence (SAPS, 2023; ISS, 2022; CSVR, 2021; Parliament, 2023; Civilian Secretariat, 2022) reveals that highly trained members of specialised units are exiting quietly, leading to a loss of institutional knowledge, operational expertise, and mentorship capacity. International studies (UNODC, 2022; OECD, 2021; IACP, 2019; World Bank, 2020; Violanti et al., 2017) show similar trends in elite policing worldwide, linking attrition to burnout, organisational stress, and insufficient incentives. The quiet exit of these officers constitutes a systemic crisis affecting policing capacity and public safety. A systematic literature review was conducted, integrating five South African sources and five international sources across the themes of operational stress, organisational culture, leadership, psychological well-being, and private sector pull. Real-world examples, deployment statistics, and case studies from Johannesburg and Pretoria were used to contextualise findings. Comparative international evidence from NYPD, Metropolitan Police Service, and other elite units was included to provide global perspectives. The findings Operational Stress: High deployment rates and exposure to violent incidents contribute significantly to burnout and resignations. Leadership and Organisational Culture: Poor management, limited recognition, and lack of mentorship exacerbate attrition. Private Sector Pull: Competitive salaries and better working conditions in private security attract elite officers. Loss of Institutional Knowledge: Departure of senior officers reduces skill transfer and mentorship capacity. Psychological Health: Mental health challenges, trauma, and stress are key drivers of exit. International Parallels: Attrition patterns in elite units worldwide mirror South African trends, highlighting universal challenges in elite policing retention. The attrition of specialised SAPS officers represents a silent crisis with multi-level impacts, including reduced operational readiness, weakened mentorship structures, and diminished public trust. Addressing the crisis requires a combination of leadership reform, structured career pathways, competitive remuneration, psychological support, and systematic knowledge management. Implementation of these measures will strengthen retention, enhance operational effectiveness, and contribute to safer communities.

3. HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY: FROM THE PESTALOZZIAN EDUCATIONAL MODEL TO CONTEM...
1

Dr. Avi Abner*
Burgas State University "Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov", Republic of Bulgaria
17-20
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19708971

The article addresses a central problem in pedagogy, namely how learning can be understood beyond the external acquisition of curricular content. The study proceeds from the assumption that the difficulties of contemporary education arise from the selection of methods and from a weakened connection between pedagogical action and the process through which the learner forms understanding. This leads to a focus on Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, whose place in the history of pedagogical thought is revealed not through general assessments of his influence, but through a careful consideration of how he conceptualises the emergence of knowledge. The text advances the position that Pestalozzi’s significance derives from a particular shift in pedagogical perspective. Rather than treating instructional content as a finished given, he directs attention to the gradual formation of understanding in the learner. In this way, learning appears not as the acceptance of ready-made meanings, but as a process of meaning formation in which perception, action, language, and mental structuring are inseparably connected. It is precisely at this point that the article identifies a line of continuity which allows classical pedagogical thought to enter into dialogue with contemporary approaches related to learning through experience, the learner’s active participation in the educational process, and intellectual autonomy. Particular attention is given to presenting these relations in a form that allows them to be both theoretically understood and practically applied. The study introduces a visual scheme that organises the transition from an initial encounter with a situation to the formation of meaningful understanding. The scheme does not aim to replace Pestalozzi’s original text, nor to reduce it to a simplified procedure. Its purpose is to show the conditions under which teaching retains its internal coherence, and those under which it begins to dissolve into repetition that creates the illusion of mastery. In this sense, the article affirms the need for pedagogy to return to its own foundations, not out of reverence for the past, but out of professional necessity. In this way, it becomes possible to distinguish between teaching that produces verbal reproduction and teaching that transforms the learner’s way of thinking and understanding.

4. DIGITAL STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET
5

Dr. Echetama Forstina C.*, Dr...
Department of Business Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
21-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19709159

In today’s technology-driven global economy, organizations must leverage digital strategies to achieve competitive advantage and sustain performance. This study investigates the role of digital strategy adoption and implementation in enhancing organizational competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage in the global market. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 252 managers, business owners, and marketing professionals in South-East Nigeria using a structured questionnaire titled Digital Strategy and Competitive Advantage Questionnaire (DSCAQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. Findings reveal that adopting digital strategies, including artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and digital platforms, significantly improves organizational competitiveness in global markets. Additionally, effective implementation of digital strategies enhances firms’ ability to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through improved operational efficiency, innovation, and market responsiveness. The study concludes that digital strategy is a critical driver of both immediate competitive gains and long-term sustainability for organizations operating globally. It is recommended that organizations prioritize comprehensive digital strategy adoption and invest in building strong digital capabilities to maximize performance and maintain competitive advantage in global markets.

5. DIGITAL DIALOGUES: NARRATIVE POSITIONING OF FILIPINO ONLINE ESL TEACHE...
2

Andrian T. Hernandez*
University of Nueva Caceres
27-48
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19807082

This study explores on how Filipino online ESL teachers construct, negotiate, and sustain their professional identity and legitimacy within digital communities of practice with regards to global linguistics-based bias and the precariousness of platformbased labor. The author argues that Filipino online ESL teachers' experiences demonstrate not just adaptability, but also resilience and agency in an increasingly competitive and often inequitable environment in which they teach globally. A qualitative multiple case study methodology was used; semi-structured interview data and classroom observation data were collected and then analyzed using thematic analysis and cross-case analysis. It was found that the teachers' professional identity evolves during "a journey of becoming" as they move from a position of economic necessity to professional commitment and fulfillment. To mitigate challenges including native speaker benchmarking, platform regulation, and technical limitations the teachers use adaptive professionalism, perform accountability, and cultivate multirole identities that include relational engagement. The teachers also utilize human capital through certification and social capital through peer networks and relationships with students. These findings are interpreted through Positioning Theory, Capital Theory, and Community of Practice Theory; these theories illustrate that the teachers transform structural barriers into opportunities for growth and indicate that relational labor, peer collaboration, and ongoing professional development are essential for creating a more sustainable and equitable online ESL teaching environment.

6. Ecocritical Re-Visions: Postmodernism and Nature in John Steinbeck's T...
4

Mrs. K. Pamme Nesakumari*, Dr....
Ph.d. Research Scholar, Department of English, Vistas, India
49-54
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19907826

This study examines John Steinbeck’s Approach To a God Unknown within an ecocritical framework, including postmodern viewpoints on the interplay between the environment and mankind. Steinbeck’s story challenges anthropocentric perspectives by depicting nature as a vibrant, independent entity that surpasses human dominion, intertwining the holy and the secular. This study analyses how the novel's use of myth and spirituality illustrates the connectivity between humanity and the natural environment, along with postmodernism's dismissal of distinct borders and hierarchical frameworks. The research contends that To a God Unknown presages modern ecological discourse by promoting a re-evaluation of nature that recognizes its complexity, unpredictability, and inherent worth independent of human needs. By emphasizing these issues, this study establishes Steinbeck’s work as a forerunner in contemporary ecocritical discourse, making it relevant to current dialogues on environmental ethics and sustainability.

7. A Post-Secular Feminist Reading of Sacred Desire in One Part Woman
3

Dr. M. Nagalakshmi*, Dr. P. Si...
Professor & Research Supervisor, Department of English, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai
55-58
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19907983

This article explores the intersections of postcolonial secular governance and sacred eroticism in Perumal Murugan‘s One Part Woman, drawing on Partha Chatterjee‘s critique of Indian secularism and Wendy Doniger‘s readings of fertility rituals. Moving away from the dominant post-secular paradigm, the study focuses on how reproductive agency, religious syncretism, and embodied rituals function as sites of contestation in the protagonist‘s lives. It argues that the state‘s secular apparatus disciplines sexuality and fertility, while regional religious practices offer a subversive counter-narrative that privileges the body and desire. The sanctioned eroticism at the heart of the Ardhanareeswarar festival stands in tension with dominant discourses of morality, gender, and caste. By centring sacred eroticism and indigenous belief systems, the novel destabilises normative binaries of the sacred and profane, public and private, modern and traditional. This article suggests that One Part Woman critiques both the violence of secular modernity and the rigidity of patriarchy, presenting a layered vision of gendered existence in postcolonial India.

8. Posthumanism and the Decentring of the Human in the Poetry of Mary Oli...
2

Utkarsh Pandey* & Prof. Awadh...
Research Scholar, Department of English, Jai Prakash University, Chapra
59-62
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23463550

This article examines how the poetry of Mary Oliver and Gary Snyder unsettles human exceptionalism and imagines ethical relations across species, bodies, and environments. Drawing on posthumanist thought, ecocriticism, and deep ecology, it argues that both poets relocate human beings within wider ecological networks rather than treating nature as a passive backdrop to human experience. Oliver’s attentive encounters with birds, insects, flowers, and other animals cultivate humility through observation, wonder, and the recognition of nonhuman lives as meaningful in themselves. Snyder’s poetry, shaped by Buddhist thought, bioregionalism, and ecological activism, more explicitly challenges anthropocentric culture by presenting humans as participants in a community of beings. The article compares their different poetic strategies: Oliver often begins with intimate acts of attention and contemplative transformation, while Snyder connects ecological awareness to place, community, and critiques of industrial civilization. The discussion also notes that neither poet simply erases human experience; rather, both revise the human subject as embodied, dependent, and ethically answerable to more-than-human worlds. Through close readings of selected poems, the article demonstrates how their poetry contributes to posthumanist debates about agency, relationality, and ecological belonging.

9. Intersectionality and Gendered Marginalisation in Amitav Ghosh’s Histo...
1

Kudrat Ali* & Dr. Kumar Pankaj
Research Scholar, Dept. of English, J. P. University, Chapra
63-67
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23463748

Amitav Ghosh is widely read as a novelist of history, migration, empire, and ecology, yet his treatment of gender has received less sustained attention. This article examines the representation of gender roles in The Circle of Reason, The Shadow Lines, The Glass Palace, The Hungry Tide, the Ibis Trilogy, and Gun Island, using a feminist-postcolonial framework drawn from de Beauvoir, Butler, Spivak, Chatterjee, Connell, and ecofeminist thought. It argues that Ghosh's fiction does not offer a single or consistent gender politics. Rather, it places women and men within the pressures of colonial modernity, nationalism, caste, migration, and environmental precarity, and allows these pressures to unsettle inherited scripts of domesticity, honour, and masculinity. Women such as Tha'mma, Uma Dey, Deeti, and Kusum exercise agency at the margins of official history, while men such as Alu, Kalua, and Fokir reveal the plurality of masculine roles. At the same time, the narrative focalisation of several novels remains male-centred, and some women characters function more as guides or symbols than as fully interiorised subjects. The article concludes that Ghosh's contribution lies in showing gender as historically produced and relationally negotiated.

10. VOICES OF RESISTANCE: DALIT WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN M...
1

Prerna Priya* & Prof. Ajay Kum...
Research scholar, P.G. Department of English, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara
68-72
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23464038

Dalit literature has grown in significance as a channel of protesting social injustice, caste prejudice and the marginalization of Dalit populations in India. Dalit women’s writing has gained a distinctive position in this literature because it demonstrates how caste and gender inequality impact women simultaneously. Further, it portrayed how sexism, poverty and class affect their lives. A significant work of Dalit women’s writing is Motherwit: Stories (2013) by Urmila Pawar, translated into English by Veena Deo. Pawar has challenged the caste system and male supremacy prevalent in society by presenting a variety of short tales about women and their daily lives, portraying women as strong, brave, intellectual and capable of making their own choices. The collection is particularly significant because it has depicted the women as more than just defenseless victims of injustice, rather as someone who reflects on their circumstances, speaks out against injustice, challenges unjust procedures, and attempts to take control of their own lives. The experiences have made them aware and confident. This study examines the emergence of a new awareness among Motherwit’s Dalit women. Pawar demonstrates how ordinary events like household chores, employment, marriage, motherhood, caste discrimination, social humiliation and relationships can become crucial spaces for questioning and opposing injustice. In order to comprehend these experiences, the study is going to use Dalit feminist and intersectional perspectives as well. These approaches will help in the explanation of how the lives of Dalit women are shaped by the interplay of caste, gender and class.





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